Literature Review On Climate Change - 2734 Words

Chapter 3: Literature Review on Climate Change Climate change can be defined as a significant change in the â€Å"average weather† of any given region sustained in the long-term and can be caused by Earth s dynamic processes, external forces including variations in sunlight intensity, and also by human activities (USEPA, 2014). The burning of fossil fuels such as coal and oil, and deforestation over the last 200 years has caused the concentrations of heat-trapping greenhouse gases to increase significantly in our atmosphere. These gases prevent heat from escaping to space. Greenhouse gases are necessary in our lives as they help in keeping the planet s surface warmer than it would otherwise be. But, as the concentrations of these gases continue to increase in the atmosphere, the Earth s temperature is climbing above past levels (USEPA, 2014). It has been observed through various researches that in the last century, average temperatures across the globe increased by over 1.3 °F with an increase of more than two times in the Arctic. (Bates, Kundzewicz, Wu, Palutikof, June 2008). The results of climate change can also be seen in changing precipitation patterns, increases in ocean temperatures, changes in the sea level, and acidity and melting of glaciers and sea ice (USEPA, 2014). 3.1 Climate Change and Water In the water sector, which is a special concern for this research, it is predicted that the water supply conditions in all regions and sectors in the world are likelyShow MoreRelatedArticle Review: Why Sustainable Tourism Must Address Climate Change by Daniel Scott1278 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Sustainable Tourism and Climate Change Introduction This paper reviews Daniel Scotts article in the Journal of Sustainable Times Why sustainable tourism must address climate change. Objectives Scott takes issue with a previous article written by David Weaver in the Journal of Sustainable Times. According to Scotts narrative, Weaver presented several interrelated issues that essentially dispute some of the proven science of climate change. Climate change studies are valid and the researchRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Climate Change1405 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal warming, also referred to as climate change, has become a major political topic within recent years. Essentially, a controversial debate exists regarding the causes and subsequent impacts of global warming. Nevertheless, the current consensus by most experts is that evidence unequivocally supports the measurable impacts of global warming, such as increased temperatures, melting ice, etc. A literature review will be conducted in order to present scientific evidence that illustrates the impactsRead MorePerceptions. Through My Literature Review, Several Perspectives1580 Words   |  7 PagesPerceptio ns Through my literature review, several perspectives have been examined when measuring school climate including: parents, students and teachers. These are not often looked at together, but separate indicators of a positive school climate. In many of the studies reviewed, fourth and fifth grade students completed a survey using a school climate index to determine their perception of the climate in schools. There is a relationship between school climate and student behavior at all schoolsRead MoreRenewable Energy Within Scotland And Onshore Wind Farms953 Words   |  4 PagesB â€Å"Provide a background on renewable energy in Scotland with specific focus on wind farm developments on peatlands†. The author was able to review a wide range of literature, on renewable energy in Scotland and onshore wind farms in particular. The author firstly established why there was a need for renewable energy by reviewing literature on climate change and how traditional electricity generation by power stations were recognised as having a detrimental impact to the environmental, as they wereRead MoreImportance Of Business Ethics On Previous And Current Literature Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesImportance of business ethics in previous and current literature Previous Methodologies used for Studying Business Ethics Majority of the literature reviewed relied heavily on questionnaires and surveys as the chosen methodology. According to Rowley (2014), questionnaires are the â€Å"most widely used means of collecting data† (p. 308). However, when designing a questionnaire or survey researchers should consider the type of questions being used, sensitivity of questions asked, content and lengthRead MoreEssay On Climate Change Governance755 Words   |  4 PagesUNFCCC epitomizes the stalling of international negotiations on climate change mitigation and adaptation. In the grim days of climate change governance, the literature tends to neglect ethical arguments on the responsibility of polluting states. Rather, it turns to a desperate thing for ‘whatever works’. It addresses the development of a discipline round an emerging regime. It reviews in particular the principled approaches of climate governance, the shift from ‘enforcement’ to ‘facilitation’ an dRead MoreThe Anatomy Of Corporate Fraud Essay845 Words   |  4 Pagescompares to the three major European accounting scandals; Parmalat, Royal Ahold, and Vivendi Universal. Bahram Soltani (2014), also discusses within the abstract the different areas reviewed regarding why the accounting scandals occurred; ethical climate, tone at the top, bubble economy and market control, fraudulent financial reporting, accountability, control, auditing, governance, and management compensation (p. 251). Between 2001 and 2003 there were several corporate accounting scandals thatRead MoreThe Problem Of Global Warming1482 Words   |  6 Pagesas well as people are suffering from its impacts. Climate change has affected the weather patterns and has indeed disrupted the variability and trends that exist in climate. This has resulted into an increase in climate-related extremes such as heavy downpour, floods, surges, and droughts. However, it has been seen that indeed most of the affected nations are the ones that have not even contributed immensely to pollution of the globe. Climate change presents an environmental challenge, economic challengeRead MoreThe Everglades And Global Warming1745 Words   |  7 Pagesincreasing global temperatures are causing a significant change and destruction of its iconic natural appearance. Besides the direct effects, global warming is exposing the Everglades to invasive species that is causing great imbalance. Methods McCarthy, T. (2015). Obama in the Everglades to raise alarm on climate change. Retrieved December 7, 2015 from: http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/apr/22/obama-in-the-everglades-to-raise-alarm-on-climate-change The Guardian News is the publisher of the articleRead MoreEssay On Wheat Production952 Words   |  4 Pagesneeds to achieve are tenable but climate change portends a stumbling block. Climate and crop yield relationship is indispensable to understanding the possible impact of future climate and the adaptation techniques to be adopted. In addition, evaluating the impacts of historic climatic trends on crop yield and production, assist in forecasting the possible impacts of future climatic trends, review the ongoing efforts of adaptation and assess the resulting changes that could emerge in production (Lobell

The Impact Of Television On The World Of The 20th Century...

One of the most successful inventions of the 20th Century is the Television. Many describe Television as a way to connect with the wider world, with some even going as far as to use the device to escape from everyday life for an hour or two. Now, thanks to increasing technological developments, this escape can be made considerably easier with the introduction of mobile TV- the use of Smartphones, tablets, and arguably most prominently, computers and laptops, bringing with it the expansion of online Television services such as Netflix. The reason for exceptional developments in Television can be based off of the large growth in technology, and thus has led to an increased demand from its viewers. Despite the immense popularity with computer gaming and the Internet, Television still remains the most popular medium in New Zealand. However, before the likes of Netflix, there were no online providers. TV consumers outnumbered online users for years after the initial developments, as content was better on a Television rather than online due to the lack of variety and services available digitally over the Internet. Consumers watched Television for the escape from reality for an hour or two, and this was unavailable on a computer as there were no websites or Networks offering the content users wanted. A Nielsen study in 2012 on the media devices owned by people showed that 290 Million Americans (or around 92%) owned at least one Television, compared to 192 Million Americans thatShow MoreRelatedThe Evolution of Media Essay 1312 Words   |  6 Pagessignificantly. But what is this incontrovertible influence? It is the radio, newspapers, television broadcasts, such as CNN and MTV; entertaining and informational, the media is a valuable asset to all. How it came about was during the pivotal 20th century where skies were filled with airplane raids and on land there were people full of fear, telling stories of the everlasting wars. The innate fear of world domination by Nazis and annihilation of all mankind by atomic weapons were major drivingRead More The Impact of The Media Throughout History Essay1707 Words   |  7 Pages Media has a huge impact on the shaping of the world. For centuries, in all parts of the world, media has been the main source of transporting news and great use for public out cries. Media has helped shaped the modern world since the 1400’s until today. The media comes in many different sources from books, to radio, to television. I will focus on the effectiveness the med ia has on the world throughout history in religious, political and social context. The first printing press was invented byRead MoreEffects of Mass Media633 Words   |  3 Pagesthe evolution of mass media during the 20th century were radio, | |evolution of mass media during the 20th |television, Internet, social media, newspaper, and cell phones. Radios were less expensive| |century? |than telephones and had the ability of allowing huge numbers of people to listen to the | | |same event at the same time. Radio use to be transmitted through am and fm. Television | | Read MoreThe Movements of the 20th Century Culture Essay1170 Words   |  5 Pagesthe most important events that occurred in the 20th century? A century that was full of many innovations; most importantly, these events made a tremendous impact in our lives as of today. The 20th century contributed an abundance of improvements to our culture. In addition, the progressions of the advancement helped society lives to better, such as the industrialization, the remarkable inventions that made our lives easier. Nevertheless, the 20th century presented a copious amount of remarkable artistsRead MoreHistory of Mass Media1150 Words   |  5 Pagesintroduce students to the historical development of media, including books, newspapers, magazines, radio and TV broadcasting and cinema. Students will be able to trace the emergence of modern media institutions from their historical roots and discuss the impact of social and technological change. This will be able to pr ovide the student with the ability to evaluate issues that are affecting or are likely to affect the media industry. The aim of this module introduces historical perspectives on the developmentRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology In The 21st Century849 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica has gone through many changes in the 20th and 21st centuries. This is because America has become increasingly influenced â€Å"by globalization, by digitization of data, and by the ways in which technology asks us to communicate† with each other, and view the world (PSS, 2017). These changes have impacted the current practices within our educational system. Whether or not we agree with the impact of these changes will vary from one individual to the next. As educators, we have had to adaptRead MoreThe First Glimpse Of Globalization1573 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization is the process in which a world-wide circulation of goods, ideas, and people takes place. Historically, there were two periods of profound expansion, the 15th and 16th century and 20th and 21st century. In both cases, these eras of globalization w ere preceded by periods of enriched thinking, sharing, and scientific revolutions. The renaissance is a prime example of an era when ideas and knowledge flourished and spread throughout Europe. This newfound age of discovery resulted in globalRead MoreThe Medium Is the Message Media Hot and Cold970 Words   |  4 Pagescultural values from one group to another or across generations. With the introduction of the television in the year 1948 in America, radio became less popular since the new media seemed involving and enticing than the former. It has been revealed that, the media itself is a critical means for transmitting lifestyles in integrative manner. Comprising of almost everything including clothing styles, televisions and information systems, and automobiles among other, the media palsy a very important in unifyingRead MoreEssay about Tess of the D’Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy 1483 Words   |  6 Pagesadvancements of the early 20th century entered people’s dai ly lives with the intention of bringing the whole of humanity into a brighter, more modern era. However, the darker side of such immense achievement was the increasing encroachment on the previously untouched natural world. Many great minds grew weary of such advances and conveyed their apprehension through the popular literature of the time. The pivotal novel Tess of the D’Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy explores the impact that industrialists withRead MoreMovie Review : Easy Rider1600 Words   |  7 PagesAlong with a revival of the westerns came the emergence of a new genre (auteur films), one targeted at an audience demographic that the studios coveted more than any other: The American teenager. And with the emergence of television in order for films to compete with television, movies needed more than a new shape and new sound; they needed to present material that could not be found on the small screen. 1968 was a pivotal year in American history. The voluntary movie rating system that was introduced

The Things That Make Me Who I Am free essay sample

I believe that my culture is the most important thing that shows who I am and who I will always be. Growing up in a small community like Barrow, has brought me closer to my Inupiat culture because I am always surrounded by my family and others of my kind. In my culture, I was taught that our values and traditions are most important because they are what keep us alive and strong. My culture is centered around family, community ties, nature, traditional song and motion dances, and language. My late grandparents, who I called â€Å"aapa and aaka,† taught me a lot about my culture and where I come from. I am especially thankful for my grandpa taking me out camping at his cabin up river every year since I was four years old. My grandpa was the one who taught me how to live off and survive nature. While at camp, we are away from today’s modern life and we bring back the old ways of living. We will write a custom essay sample on The Things That Make Me Who I Am or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One summer at camp my dad thought I was old enough to learn how to shoot a real gun. I was 14 years old with a 270 rifle in my hands shooting at coffee cans at 100 yards range. The next day my shoulder was bruised. Since I hit the can with most of the shots, I now had to learn to shoot at caribou. In that day, I had caught my first two caribou. The first one was easy because it was still, but the second was a challenge because it was running, but with only one bullet left in the rifle, I killed it. I was also taught how to butcher, prepare and cook the meat. When we returned from camp that summer, I also caught my first bearded seals and I learned how to drive a boat. The thing I enjoy the most about my culture is the traditional songs and motion dances. I have been learning motion dances since I was three years old and as a member of the Suurimaanitchuat dance group, I am still learning . A cultures language is the main thing that holds it together, because without a language there is no culture. My grandparents were the ones who spoke to me in the Inupiat language, now that they are gone I don’t hear it as much as I used to. Since they’ve been gone, I’ve done my best to keep the language with me by taking Inupiat classes in school and listening to my parents conversate in Inupiaq. I am proud of myself because now I know a lot more and understand my language. I believe that these are the things that make me who I am. My culture is my family, my home, my attitude, and my looks. That is who I am and who I will always be. The Things That Make Me Who I Am free essay sample I believe that my culture is the most important thing that shows who I am and who I will always be. Growing up in a small community like Barrow, has brought me closer to my Inupiat culture because I am always surrounded by my family and others of my kind. In my culture, I was taught that our values and traditions are most important because they are what keep us alive and strong. My culture is centered around family, community ties, nature, traditional song and motion dances, and language. My late grandparents, who I called â€Å"aapa and aaka,† taught me a lot about my culture and where I come from. I am especially thankful for my grandpa taking me out camping at his cabin up river every year since I was four years old. My grandpa was the one who taught me how to live off and survive nature. While at camp, we are away from today’s modern life and we bring back the old ways of living. We will write a custom essay sample on The Things That Make Me Who I Am or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One summer at camp my dad thought I was old enough to learn how to shoot a real gun. I was 14 years old with a 270 rifle in my hands shooting at coffee cans at 100 yards range. The next day my shoulder was bruised. Since I hit the can with most of the shots, I now had to learn to shoot at caribou. In that day, I had caught my first two caribou. The first one was easy because it was still, but the second was a challenge because it was running, but with only one bullet left in the rifle, I killed it. I was also taught how to butcher, prepare and cook the meat. When we returned from camp that summer, I also caught my first bearded seals and I learned how to drive a boat. The thing I enjoy the most about my culture is the traditional songs and motion dances. I have been learning motion dances since I was three years old and as a member of the Suurimaanitchuat dance group, I am still learning . A cultures language is the main thing that holds it together, because without a language there is no culture. My grandparents were the ones who spoke to me in the Inupiat language, now that they are gone I don’t hear it as much as I used to. Since they’ve been gone, I’ve done my best to keep the language with me by taking Inupiat classes in school and listening to my parents conversate in Inupiaq. I am proud of myself because now I know a lot more and understand my language. I believe that these are the things that make me who I am. My culture is my family, my home, my attitude, and my looks. That is who I am and who I will always be.

Shouldice Hospital Analysis Essay Example

Shouldice Hospital Analysis Essay Benefits purchased by the consumer: Shouldice Value Proposition as compared to other hospitals †¢Value is added into every aspect of Shouldice Hospitals sensible service culture. The service offered is the expertise of the doctors, the dedication of the staff, and the overall feel of the atmosphere which, in turn, makes customers feel comfortable and helps in the patients speedy recovery. †¢Shouldice Hospitals biggest value proposition is quality through experience. For over 60 years Shouldice Hospital has been repairing hernias for hundreds of thousands of patients (with over a 99% success rate) and the number is rising daily. This value proposition is definitely being utilized. On their surgical team is Dr. Casim Degani, an internationally recognized authority. The surgeons that work there make a lifetime commitment to the company because after they have been away from other disciplines for so long they loose touch with them. There is no alternative to experience, and since the doctors stay and at Shouldice for countless years, their value proposition is far exceeding what is promised. †¢The procedure itself is one of the many unique aspects the hospital offers. With the use of a local anesthetic combined with the nature of the procedure itself, allows early recovery following surgery. Recovery time is practically cut in half when compared to other hospitals. Also, the local anesthetic is administered in the operating room, compared to other hospitals completely sedating you before you even enter the operating room. After the operation patients are encouraged to step off of the operating table and walk to the post-operating room, allowing the exercising needed for full recovery to begin immediately. This procedure would never be carried out at other hospitals. We will write a custom essay sample on Shouldice Hospital Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Shouldice Hospital Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Shouldice Hospital Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The simple fact that patient is awake and is fully aware of what is happening around them is also not the norm for most hospitals. †¢The atmosphere of the Shouldice hospital is one of their value adding features with two different facilities (the hospital and a clinic) in the 17,000 square foot building sitting on 130 acres. The entire hospital is carpeted to give it a comforting feeling, as opposed to a cold hospital floor feel. It is equipped with a large open lounge area, the admissions office, patient rooms, and a spacious glass-covered Florida room. It also contains recreational facilities ranging from exercising equipment to a pool table. Balancing low cost with high quality †¢Shouldice is able to balance low cost with high quality in several different ways. The low cost of the operation room furnishings ($30,000) is one reason. The cost of operating rooms in other hospitals is quadruple that because the equipment needed is much more extensive. They are able to reduce costs with only having one â€Å"crash cart† per floor of the hospital, compared with hundreds. Turnover is low, so there is another cost-cutting measure. They pay their employees over average than most hospitals, which raises their budget more. This is how their quality remains at a high level, while being low cost competitors at the same time. Their full utilization of their time also helps in cost cutting measures. Target Group of Customers: Commonalities Production Process †¢Shouldice Hospital has created a niche service in the medical field that targets only external abdominal hernias or hernias from patients suffering from recurrences. They also partner patients with similar backgrounds, jobs, or interests into the same room to further add to their value proposition. †¢To further add to the delivery of their value proposition, Shouldice Hospital’s service process is unique in its own right. From being kind enough to wake patients in the same room for surgery within minutes (a procedure I have never seen another hospital perform) to almost immediately after surgery administering counseling activities. When patients arrive at the facility, they are immediately able to mingle with other patients who had their operation on that same day. This is a psychological procedure to make the patients feel comfortable about their operation, again, not a practice that is done by other hospitals. A simple blueprint of their production process is attached to this essay to further demonstrate their unique service delivery. The service delivery far exceeds the expectations of patients and perfectly matches their value proposition. Five Dimensions of Service Quality †¢Reliability: Delivery on Promises oReliability is defined as the ability to perform the promised service dependably and accurately. Throughout this paper I have stated how Shouldice Hospital is living up to their service value proposition in many different dimensions. Shouldice maintains promises made with regards to pricing, delivery, and problem resolution. They are always on the same schedule Monday through Friday, and make careful diagnoses from the start. †¢Responsiveness: Being Willing to Help oResponsiveness is the willingness to help customers and to provide prompt service. Shouldice’s accessibility, willingness to listen to every patient individually, and immediate attention as soon as the patient enters the door shows their proficiency in responsiveness. †¢Assurance: Inspiring Trust and Confidence oAssurance is defined as employees’ knowledge and courtesy and the ability of the firm and its employees to inspire trust and confidence. In the medical field it is extremely important to achieve assurance because of the high risk factor. Trust and confidence are apparent when you enter the doors, when you receive your first examination, when you go to your first counseling session with patients that have just had the operation, to when you leave the hospital. The patients have a great amount of assurance when they discover the experience and skill level of the doctors, and when they hear about the good reputation that they hold. With no advertising in place, their customer base is highly reliant upon word-of-mouth and reputation is everything. †¢Empathy: Treating Customers as Individuals oEmpathy is defined as the caring, individualized attention that the firm provides its customers. Since Shouldice hospital positioned itself as specialist in hernia surgery they are able to compete with larger hospitals in this area. The specialized attention they give to each patient also shows there successfulness with regards to empathy. With all of the counseling sessions the patients endure throughout their stay, each patient is treated like family members of a huge group. Each patient is understood by their peers, and the experienced staff is empathetic and knowledgeable about what they are going through also. †¢Tangibles: Representing the Service Physically oTangibles are defined as the appearance of physical facilities, equipment, personnel, and communication materials. From the moment that you decide that Shouldice is the facility that you want to operate on you, they send you an informative brochure detailing the facility and procedure you will endure. I mentioned above some of the amenities that Shouldice offers for their patients that makes them proficient in delivering tangibles. Employment at Shouldice Hospital Compared to Other Hospitals †¢Nurses: The nurse to patient ratio in other hospitals in the Ontario is 1:4, compared to Shouldice’s ratio of 1:15. Their unique service delivery process can be attributed to these differences. Most of their time is spent in counseling activities for the patients, instead of the grueling activities nurses do at other hospitals such as paperwork and changing bed pans. There are no bed pans at Shouldice. The waiting list to be employed as a nurse in this facility is endless, while hospitals in the area are extremely short staffed. †¢ Doctors: This position appeals to experienced doctors who â€Å"want to watch their children grow up. † Their typical day only lasts from 7 a. m. to 4 p. m. which are very attractive hours for me. They are only on call one weekday night in ten and one weekend in ten. Compared to other hospitals where doctors work long strenuous hours and are on call all of the time. They are paid 15% more than a surgeon in Ontario. The only downside, if you could call it a downside, for doctors is that they loose touch with other medical surgical disciples since they are always performing the same surgery with the same disciplines. There are a very small percentage of doctors that elect to leave the organization once they have started, which results in low turnover. †¢Administration and Support Staff: The administration and support staff are non-union individuals because their pay is higher than comparable jobs in the area. There is very low turnover because they have a â€Å"no one fired† policy. One characteristic that I found interesting was that there is no organization chart because, â€Å"A chart tends to make people think they are boxed in jobs. † The administration staff is cross-trained to do every other administration and support staff job, so if the situation arises where they are needed else where, there is no problem in doing so. Growth Alternatives †¢Dr. Shouldice seeks a desire to find ways of increasing the hospitals capacity. There are a few proposals on the table that help make this happen. oStart performing operations on Saturday which would increase capacity by 20%. There are currently no operations performed on Saturdays and Sundays. Patients who have their operation late in the week still stay at the facility during the weekend. This is frowned upon by all of the current Shouldice employees. oThey could expand their number of beds by 50%, and schedule the operating rooms more heavily. This would require an investment of $4 million dollars. oThey could expand into Toronto, or even in the United States. oOffer more specialties such as eye surgery, varicose veins, or diagnostic services. My Alternatives †¢Expand the capacity of the current hospital to meet demand †¢Advertising Campaign †¢Hire more surgeons staff †¢Operate on Saturday †¢Expand into the United States Solution Rationale †¢With one hundred and thirty acres to build on, I believe that Shouldice should expand the capacity of the hospital to meet the rising demand. If they proceed in this direction then they would be able to begin a marketing campaign that would tremendously attract new patients into the operating room. In order to meet the increased workload of the new expansion new staff would need to be hired to make sure company morale remains high. With the hiring of the new staff, it will be easy to maintain the same working relationships and attitudes they have with their patients. The current staff can empower incoming new staff to maintain the same business culture and learn the specialized way of Shouldice Hospital. Expansion in the United States would be a great move after my first alternative is assessed, completed, and begins to earn profits. This will not happen overnight. It will be a long process with many trials and tribulations. †¢The Shouldice Method is very unique and does not need to be copied in anyway. The current threat of other hospitals stealing this unique technique and performing it in the wrong way can prove to be disastrous for Shouldice. Immediate attention needs to be given to this problem. A thought on what to do includes getting negative media attention towards the hospitals who are trying to reproduce the technique. I believe that the marketing campaign that will be launched could prove to be beneficial instead of hazardous to Shouldice Hospital in this respect. By implementing my alternatives, I believe, that Shouldice Hospital will continue to remain successful in their specialization and offer a superior value proposition, all while remaining to balance low cost with high quality.